Approximately 15% of couples are unable to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. A male issue is totally responsible in about 20% of infertile couples and contributory in some other 30-40 %. Infertility already impacts about 5-7% of the ordinary male population and may additionally similarly amplify in the future, thinking about the obvious trend of declining sperm count in industrialized countries. The purpose of this study is to assess the hormonal changes in men struggling from non-obstructive azoospermia and secondary infertility. \nPatients with NOA where subjected to evaluation of hormonal profile basically FSH&LH; (factors such as: age , smoking, CVD, diabetes and varicocele are considered in our study ) The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and total testosterone (TT) in the plasma of positive and negative TESE cases are evaluated .The levels of FSH and LH in the plasma of TESE negative cases were significantly (P<0.05) greater than those in TESE positive cases. On the other hand, no significant difference in the TT levels were observed between the TESE negative and positive cases.\nAbout 66.7% of negative TESE cases and 61.9% of positive ones had TT levels greater than 2 mU/mL of plasma .the association of TESE score with the varicocele level, smoking and diabetes mellitus incidence were estimated. TESE score was dependent on smoking. 88.2% of the non-smoker exhibited positive TESE score. In contrast, 53.8% of the smokers were negative TESE cases. \nAlthough there was no significant association between varicocele and TESE score, by increasing the severity of varicocele, the percentage of negative TESE cases was markedly elevated.\nThe TESE score was independent on the incidence of diabetes. The highest percentages of diabetic (80%) and non-diabetic (60%) cases had positive TESE scores.

Nano-meter sized gold particles were deposited on supports of ZnO, TiO2 and Fe2O3 by precipitation methods. The prepared catalysts were used to catalyze preferential oxidation (PrOx) of CO in a real reformate from oxidative steam reforming of methanol between 55 and 100 ?C. Typically, conversion of CO (CCO) and selectivity of CO oxidation (SCO) varied with gold catalysts and temperature (TR). The SCO generally increased on decreasing the size of gold (dAu) and TR. Among these catalysts, Au/ZnO with dAu = 1.1 nm exhibited the best manifestation with CCO > 99% and SCO = 63% at TR = 55 ?C and O2/CO ~ 0.8.

Despite the existing effords have been made on tobacco control, the prevalence of smoking in China still remains high. This study firstly examines the effects of individual-level factors of smokers on their attitudes and smoking behaviors towards slim cigarettes, then to explore whether positive attitudes and actual smoking behaviors towards slim cigarettes can lead smokers’ intention to quit smoking or to reduce the amount of cigarettes smoked the next year. Online and field survey was conducted in China from under 30 year-old smokers and total of 3603 participants were selected. Then logistic regression models were introducted to conduct this research. Individual-level factors actually affect smokers’ attitudes towards slim cigarettes and their smoking behaviors. However, after careful investigation, we found no evidence showing that positive attitudes and actual slim cigarette smoking behaviors have any positive effect on smokers’ intention to quit smoking. Slim cigarettes as substitution of regular cigarettes may have no positive effect on tobacco control. Chinese government should adopt a series of more efficient, practical and powerful measures like limiting novel packaging, increasing cigarette tax, publicizing the hazards of slim cigarettes actively etc. to speed up the process of tobacco control.

In the era of information and knowledge, effective use of Intellectual Capital (IC) is the most important factor that determines the success of a business leading to sustainable competitiveness. Value creation has been a concern for many years and companies have always been trying to find out the best ways for its improvement. Thus, IC disclosure (ICD) is becoming a major part of companies’ value in today’s knowledge-based economy. Currently, ICD is not compulsory and is done by the companies purely on “voluntary” basis. IC disclosure has become a critical necessity in this new framework. IC measurement, reporting and disclosures in the developing economy are still at a very nascent stage, especially in India.\n\nThis is an exploratory study of ICD and measurement by the 8 Indian companies over 5-year period, using content analysis and market value added (MVA) as research methodologies. IC is valued at market value (MV) minus book value (BV). The annual reports of the selected companies were collected from their respective web sites. As part of present study, various statistical techniques have been used to analyze the data. The findings show that on an average, the sample companies reported a positive value of IC; significant correlation has been noticed between tangible assets (TA) and net operating profits (NOP). However, no significant difference was found between percentage of IC to MV, and per cent of TA to MV. The study finds wide-disparity, low-level, and purely voluntary nature of the ICD made by the selected companies. Unfortunately, the omission of IC information may adversely influence the quality of decisions made by shareholders, or lead to material misstatements. We recommend to the international accounting bodies, to take the lead by establishing a harmonized ICD standard, and provide guidance to the big listed companies for proper measurement and disclosure of IC, both for internal and external users.

High performance concrete is special combination of concrete with higher performance and uniformity. HPC not only gives ultimate strength with normal mixing, placing and curing practices but also shows more durability, resistance to abrasion and sulphate attack. The high performance concrete usually contains fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume, as well as super plasticizer. The content of cementitious material is high, water/cement ratio is low and the maximum size of aggregate is small. The pozzolans used in this research are fly ash and bentonite under the ASTM standard C618. In this research work a comparison was made between normal concrete, concrete with 20% fly ash, concrete with 20% bentonite and with a combination of both fly ash and bentonite 10% each. The test results of non-destructive testing for all 7, 14, 28 and 56 days were Excellent, except Bentonite for 7 to 28 days but eventually gave a result of excellent on 56th day. Whereas the results of compressive strength of Fly Ash was found High as compared to normal and bentonite mix.

The present study reports the chemical composition of the essential oil of Rhynchosia reniformis grown in Pakistan. The oil was extracted by a rapid solvent-free microwave assisted extraction method. The phytochemical constituents were determined by the GC-MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) analysis of this oil, which resulted in the identification of a complex mixture of alkanes, aldehydes, ketones, esters, monoterpenes and diterpenes. Twenty-seven compounds consisting 97.79% of the total oil with a yield of 0.36% were characterized in the oil. Among them, isopropyl toluene (37.25%), camphene (19.02%), DL- limonene (7.05%) and limonene (6.24%) were found to be the major components.

East Nusatenggara Province has dried climate situation, which caused of the availability of water for living very scarce. Some options have done do to this situation, for example by developing many embung (small reservoir) or water-trap series along the gully as gully plug. The problem furthermore comes related with the operation and maintenance of these structures. That’s also happened for between each household place are far each other. Rainwater management in the household scale would be the way to cope the scarcity for this condition. The principle concept is managing the rainfall water on the household field by catching runoff with several Ferro-cement structure to keep rainwater not to flow away out from household field and use for agriculture or others. Rainfall water on the roof is managed by rainwater catches canal structure that completed with mineralization and filtration structure so could use as clean water for life. This structure has done as a model at 4 household in Tli\'u village. As a result, they have water for agriculture activity and life.