In this paper we propose a new speech compression system based on the application of the Bionic Wavelet Transform (BWT) combined with the psychoacoustic model. This compression system is a modified version of the compression system using a MDCT (Modified Discrete Cosine Transform) filter banks of 32 filters each and the psychoacoustic model. This modification consists in replacing the banks of the MDCT filter banks by the bionic wavelet coefficients which are obtained from the application of the BWT to the speech signal to be compressed. These two methods are evaluated and compared with each other by computing bits before and bits after compression. They are tested on different speech signals and the obtained simulation results show that the proposed technique outperforms the second technique and this in term of compressed file size. In term of SNR, PSNR and NRMSE, the outputs speech signals of the proposed compression system are with acceptable quality. In term of PESQ and speech signal intelligibility, the proposed speech compression technique permits to obtain reconstructed speech signals with good quality.
The resistive properties of sodium silicate have been investigated in the frequency range of 100 kHz to 5 MHz and temperature range of 50 deg Centigrade–450 deg Centigrade. Formation of the sample has been verified by XRD and micro-structure of the sample has properly analyzed using FESEM. A frequency & temperature dependent resistive properties have been studied. Experimental result shows that the impedance decreases with increase of temperature for all frequencies. This indicates the increase of ac conductivity with temperature. These results confirm the dependency of frequency & temperature on the polarization. The Nyquist plot shows the variation of imaginary part of impedance with real part of impedance which confirms the decrease of bulk resistance with increase in temperature.
Background: Cryptorchidism is the most frequent birth anomaly in boys with the prevalence of 2-5% in full term infants. This anomaly is associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer and infertility as well as hernia, testicular torsion, and psychological distress. Surgery is the main treatment method for this anomaly. This study is aimesd to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of laparoscopic orchiopexy in the treatment of non-palpable undescended testis.\nMaterial and methods: 40 patients with a non-palpable testis were evaluated by laparoscopic orchiopexy in Ekbatan hospital located in Hamedan, a major city in the center of IR-Iran, during 2006 to 2009. The patients were followed up after the surgery and 3 month later regarding the response to the treatment and the testicular atrophy.\nResults: The average age of patients was 19±12.16. 13 patients did not have a testis in the laparoscopic investigation and 6 patients had testes located in the inguinal canal so they were excluded from the analysis. 17 patients treated by 1-stage laparoscopic orchiopexy while 4 patients were treated by 2-stage Fowler-Stephens laparoscopic orchiopexy. The success rate for the treatment is calculated as 100%.\nConclusion: Laparoscopic orchiopexy is a safe and effective method for the treatment of non-palpable undescended testes.
The main purpose of this document is to state the importance of taking into consideration the desires and needs of the spectators by the Mexican film production organizations has for their economical success. It establishes the cultural and economic functions that filmmakers studied on this document must consider. On the other hand, it locates the different degrees of the dissatisfaction in which a spectator can falls into when he or she does not like the movie. We propose the “Lozano-Barragan syndrome”* concept, to distinguish those film production organizations that blame the dissatisfied spectator, for the box office failure, as well as, they argued that those spectators did not understand the movies or that they do not understand the nature of it. Finally, we make some recommendations that could be followed by personal from film production organizations to avoid this syndrome and increase the spectator satisfaction.
The study of the electrocatalytic oxidation of 1,2-propanediol and 1,3-propanediol on electrodes of platinum and gold in acid or basic aqueous medium was carried out in previous publications [1,2], by cyclic voltammetry and in situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy. In order to confirm the proposed reaction mechanisms during the electrooxidation of the two isomers of propanediol, similar studies on the reaction intermediates which can be formed were performed under the same conditions by cyclic voltammetry and in situ infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The reaction intermediates studied are: hydroxyacetone, lactic acid and malonic acid. The results obtained in this study clearly confirm the different paths for those mechanisms.
The object of the present paper is to study a necessary condition\nfor the existence of weakly symmetric and weakly Ricci -symmetric\nLP-Sasakian manifolds admitting a quarter-symmetric metric connection.\n1
Here we studied a better reconfiguration and resource reservation scheme to be used in pervasive environment. We found the migration of virtual machines in the pervasive environment have a fluid dynamics behavior and can be generalized to all the pervasive services such as sensor networks. By this consideration and its consequences, in this paper the architecture and configuration of clustered cloud servers are enriched with computational and intelligent autonomic features. We define a constraint satisfaction, neural-network-based model for the dynamic resource provisioning to make a novel analytic solution (the fluid\'s behavior) and set the reconfiguration period by Navier-Stokes formula. Our view minimizes the effect of reconfiguration delay on the performance of large clustered cloud centers. The experimental results demonstrate the improvement and flexible adaptation and also reduced provisioning time.