The present long term study deals with the aerosol-cloud optical properties carried out during 2003-2012 over Kedarnath (30.73°N, 79.07°E) of sub Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India with a resolution of 10x10 grid in magnitude. The study was conducted using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor onboard NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites. Interannual and seasonal variations of AOD are examined in the light of regional synoptic climatic meteorology. Aerosol optical depths have found to be increased >28 % across Kedarnath region of India during the study period of 2003-2012. Annual mean Terra/Aqua AOD values at 550 nm displayed an increasing trend at a rate of ~0.0045/0.0089 per year respectively. Further, seasonally winter means Terra/Aqua AOD values exhibit an increasing trend at a rate of ~0.013/0.006 per year respectively. These investigations suggest that the AOD retrievals through satellite data products can be able to characterize AOD distribution over Kedarnath sub Himalayan region. However, further efforts to eliminate systematic errors in the existing MODIS data products are needed. The maximum AOD at 500 nm occurred on 8 May 2006. The back trajectory analysis suggested that the highest AOD during summer is due to high degree of human interference in the form of automobile tourism and dust transport from the country lying in the northwestern part of India. The results extracted in the present study are compared with the earlier studies as well as with the AOD values over various other Indian regions.
In this research paper, a row of blades which consist of a tuned disk and certain number of blades and will be examined. Curved blades that cross a series of free moments of inertia due to bending by cantilevered beams are modeled. Regarding that the disk being tuned, the whole structural and fluid system analysis is focused on a blade and the current around it. Aerodynamic forces during stable and unstable motion in several steps are calculated using ANSYS/ FLOTRAN CFD software and then the real and unreal forces fluid are obtained. On the other hand, the equation of motion in Timoshenko beam is obtained and to determine the system natural frequencies and modes, outside forces are zero and modal analysis while the bending and torsion movements of exposure mode have been done is carried out. By using semi inertia and semi damping and semi elastic of fluid’s elements in inertia and damping and stiffness matrix we can have an eigenvalue equation that solved by using state space method. In this case we can obtain flutter speed of turbine. Then comparison between steam and gas effect as flow on flutter speed were studied.
1Current work aims at investigating risk management status in indoor sports arenas in Rasht. It is a descriptive – survey research and all multi-purpose indoor sports arenas of Rasht are considered as the statistical population. Author-made checklist was used as tool for data collection. Questionnaire of Boloukat‘s (2011) work was used and its content and face validity was confirmed by sports management professors and experts. Reliability of checklists was calculated as r = 0.893 using internal consistency method. descpritve and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test) were used for data analysis. Findings indicate status of safety of entrances and exits, the spectator’s seats, sanitary places, locker, shower, lighting and sound facilities and safetyof building and facilities, first aid, firefighting equipment and communication facilities in Rasht arenas was acceptable. However, safety status in warning signs and special facilities for the disabled was not suitable. In general it can be said that the health and safety status of Rasht arenas were in good condition.
Current work aims at investigating risk management status in indoor sports arenas in Rasht. It is a descriptive – survey research and all multi-purpose indoor sports arenas of Rasht are considered as the statistical population. Author-made checklist was used as tool for data collection. Questionnaire of Boloukat‘s (2011) work was used and its content and face validity was confirmed by sports management professors and experts. Reliability of checklists was calculated as r = 0.893 using internal consistency method. descpritve and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test) were used for data analysis. Findings indicate status of safety of entrances and exits, the spectator’s seats, sanitary places, locker, shower, lighting and sound facilities and safetyof building and facilities, first aid, firefighting equipment and communication facilities in Rasht arenas was acceptable. However, safety status in warning signs and special facilities for the disabled was not suitable. In general it can be said that the health and safety status of Rasht arenas were in good condition.
1,10-Phenanthroline was N,N’-alkylated by 1,3-dibromopropane, 2,9-oxidized using alkaline K3[Fe(CN)6] at 0 oC. Dilactam 4 was chlorinated by PCl5 in SOCl2 and POCl3 separately. Phen-Cl2 5 was obtained after 8 h in POCl3 with various polychloro-phenanthroline. Mono-N-dealkylated 9-chloro-1-(3-chloropropyl)-1,10-phenanthrolin-2(1H)-one 6 was when reaction was performed for 8 h in SOCl2. Higher yield of 5 was obtained in SOCl2 after 16 h reflux with less side products and easy purification; subjected to Sonogashira coupling with TIPS-acetylene in presence of Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 and CuI at 80 oC in piperidine that resulted Buchwald-Hartwig product Ar-N(R)2 and Glaser coupling products. Target phen-acetylene-TIPS 14 was obtained in good yield in triethylamine under argon. –TIPS was removed by TBAF in THF to obtain phenanthroline-2,9-diyne 19, a precursor for shape-persistent electron rich macrocycles