ABSTRACT INTRADUCTION: RIRS and PCNL are the two most commonly used methods in the endourological treatment of kidney stones. In our study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of these methods in kidney stones larger than 2 cm. MATER?AL METHODS: We searched 822 outpatients who applied to the Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences Sisli Etfal Training and Research Hospital outpatient clinic between June 2020 and March 2022 and were diagnosed with urinary tract stones, using the hospital database. We included 282 patients who were diagnosed with kidney stones larger than 2 cm after exclusion criteria and had not undergone surgery before. They were randomized into two treatment groups, Flexible Ureteroscopy (F-URS) and Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy (PCNL). Demographic data of the patients were extracted. Before treatment from each patient; Complete urinalysis, hemogram, biochemistry, direct urinary system radiography (DUSG), intravenous pyelography (IVP) and non-contrast abdominal computed tomography (CT) were extracted from archive records. Control CT of the entire abdomen was requested in the 3rd week following the operation for 282 patients included in the study.RESULTS and DISCUSSION: While the values of the F-URS group were statistically significantly higher in terms of BMI, body surface area, DM, hyperlipidemia, and stone bilaterality rate, the PCNL group was statistically significantly lower in terms of the number of stones and stone volume. (respectively p=0.012 p=0.012 p=0.013 p=0.011 p=0.043 p<0.001 p<0.001). Operation success factors; When the stone-free rate is examined, it is seen that the stone-free rate of the F-URS group is statistically significantly lower than the PCNL group. (p=0.005). Scope time, operation time and hospitalization time of the F-URS group were found to be statistically significantly shorter than PCNL group data (p=0.002 p<0.001 p<0.001). A statistically significant difference was found in the complication rates of the groups (p<0.017). The complication-free rate of the F-URS group was significantly higher than the PCNL group data. As a result of statistical analyzes, we found a lower stone-free rate in the F-URS group. On the other hand, we found a higher risk of complications in the PCNL group.CONCLUSION: Both surgical options we compared are applicable methods with high success rates. Although PCNL is the gold standard in the treatment of kidney stones larger than 2 cm, it should be noted that similar success rates can be achieved with the F-URS procedure applied multiple times. Today, especially in the treatment of patients with bleeding diathesis, skeletal anomaly or morbid obesity, and rest stones after ESWL; F-URS is the first option.

In this paper, we focus on methods of coupling the semi-supervised learning of information extractors that extract information (e.g., City(X) and Athlete Played for Team (X, Y)) from free text using textual extraction patterns (e.g., “mayor of X” and “Y star quarterback X”). We identify three general types of coupling among target functions that can be combined to form a dense network of coupled learning problems. We then present an approach in which the input to the learner is an ontology defining a set of target categories and relations to be learned, a handful of seed examples for each, and a set of constraints that couple the various categories and relations (e.g., Person and Sport are mutually exclusive). We show that given this input and millions of unlabeled documents, a semi-supervised learning procedure can achieve very significant accuracy improvements by coupling the training of textual pattern-based extractors for dozens of categories and relations. Based on results reported here, we hypothesize that even greater accuracy improvements will be possible by forming a larger and denser network of inter-constrained learning tasks. The main research contributions of the paper are: (1) this work is the first to couple the simultaneous semi supervised training of both category and relation textual pattern-based extractors and (2) this work proposes that learning many tasks and coupling them as much as possible leads to higher accuracy semi-supervised learning, and provides web-scale experimental evidence to support that point.

ABSTRACT - Densities, sound velocity of binary mixture of Tetrahydropyran (THP) with 1-pentanol have been measured over the entire range of composition at 298.15 to 318.15 K using Anton Paar DSA 5000M, from the experimental values calculated the acoustical and thermodynamic parameters such as isentropic compressibility, molar volume, free length, acoustic impedance, internal pressure along with their excess values viz., deviations in isentropic compressibility (∆Ks), excess molar volumes (VmE), excess free length (LfE) and excess acoustic impedance (ZE). All the parameters co-efficient are fitted to Redlich-Kister equations for the study of inter molecular interactions.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of fuzzy rough\ntopological entropy sets, fuzzy rough T E structure spaces, fuzzy rough T E T2\nspaces, fuzzy rough T E Urysohn spaces, contra fuzzy rough T E continuous\nfunctions, fuzzy rough T E weakly Hausdor spaces, fuzzy rough T E normal\nspaces and fuzzy rough T E almost normal spaces are introduced and studied.\nSome interesting properties are also discussed.

The present paper aims at finding the damping effect on the non-linear vibrational modes of a doubly curved shallow shell placed on an elastic foundation by using the method of constant deflection contour lines. The results obtained are compared with the available results and the method yields very satisfactory results which are in excellent agreement with the reference values.

In this paper, we investigate some curvature problems of Kenmotsu manifolds satisfying some certain conditions and we reach some classicifications. We consider -recurrent Kenmotsu manifolds and we show that -recurrent Kenmotsu manifolds are also eta-Einstein manifolds.\nNext, we study phi-Ricci symmetric Kenmotsu manifolds and we find this manifolds are Einstein manifolds too. In addition to we examine locally phi-symmetric alpha-Kenmotsu manifolds. Later we investigate this type manifold with quasi-conformally curvature tensor and concircular curvature tensor.

Earthquake disasters occur unexpectedly providing no time to alert the public and result in great infrastructure damage in addition to severe threats to public safety. There have been many studies performed on emergency evacuation planning and management, however few of them addressed the modeling of the demand on the transportation system after evacuation orders are issued in response to an earthquake event. Knowing the behavior of the evacuating population has a significant impact on the ability to provide reliable models that capture the operational conditions of the transportation systems during the different stages of the regional emergency. \nThis paper presents the results of an interview survey that was used to identify the different behavioral aspects related to the surveyed population intended response to evacuation orders in the aftermath of a major earthquake. The data from the survey were mainly utilized to identify the compliance rates with evacuation orders and the demand on the roadway network. Trip generation models were developed to relate that demand with the household category of the evacuation population. In addition, due to the dynamic nature of the emergency evacuation, the mobilization time needed by the evacuees to start the evacuation trip was analyzed. This study also used genetic algorithm to optimize the sigmoid function that is used to describe the evacuation trip mobilization curves for the case study scenario.\nThe results from the analysis showed that it is important to use different evacuation trip rates for single-family and multifamily evacuating households. The study revealed that compliance rates with evacuation orders and the number of vehicle used for evacuation were dependent on the HH category. Also, this study developed functions for evacuation mobilization times for the case study earthquake hypothetical scenario were shorter compared to other types of emergencies and case studies available in the literature.\nThis research was fully funded by a research grant provided by the Scientific Research Support Fund (SRSF)-Jordan, all thanks for making this project possible.

The present study aimed to assess maternal nutritional vitamin C status and determine the effect of vitamin C levels in the diet of lactating women on concentration in human breast milk collected at different stages of lactation. The study included 97 breast milk samples obtained from healthy postpartum women in Gdansk (northern Poland). Breast milk samples were collected on the 15th (n=42), 30th (n=37) and 90th day of lactation (n=18). The amount of vitamin C was measured by HPLC. Maternal dietary intakes of vitamin C from food on the 90th day of lactation were significantly higher in comparison with the intakes noted on the 15th and 30th day of lactation (P = 0.0197 and P = 0.0293). A simultaneous decrease was observed in the number of women who received vitamin C supplements (approximately 79% of participants at the first stage of lactation and only 38.9% subjects after the 90th day of lactation). In the group of women whose diets were not supplemented, the average daily intake of vitamin C was 60.1 mg, and it accounted for only 50% DRI for breastfeeding women. No significant correlations were observed between the dietary intake of vitamin C and breast milk content of vitamin C or between lactation stage and vitamin C content of human milk. The average vitamin C content of human breast milk was 50.51 ±17.02 mg/L regardless of lactation stage and maternal vitamin C intakes suggesting the presence of biochemical regulation of vitamin C content in human milk.