This study addresses the critical challenge of accurately predicting annual electrical energy production derived from fossil sources across diverse nations, including Türkiye, Germany, England, France, Iran, and Ukraine spanning the years 1985 to 2022. Employing a combination of advanced deep learning techniques and traditional statistical models, the research aims to enhance forecasting precision and contribute to a deeper understanding of global energy consumption dynamics.\nBy leveraging time series analysis, the study captures the intricate temporal patterns inherent in fossil-based energy production data, enabling robust predictions over an extended historical timeframe. Performance evaluation metrics such as Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are utilized to rigorously assess the accuracy and reliability of the developed forecasting models.\nThe scientific significance of this study lies in its ability to provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between socio-economic factors, technological advancements, and environmental considerations shaping fossil-based energy production trends. By conducting a comparative analysis across multiple countries with distinct energy landscapes, the research not only elucidates regional variations but also underscores the need for tailored forecasting approaches to address unique contextual challenges.\nThe findings of this study hold significant implications for energy policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers striving to optimize resource allocation, mitigate environmental impacts, and transition towards sustainable energy systems. By advancing the state-of-the-art in energy forecasting methodologies, this research contributes to the broader goal of achieving a more resilient, equitable, and environmentally sustainable energy future.
A steady laminar flow of viscous electrically conducting incompressible fluid, over a semi-infinite inclined plate, which is at prescribed heat flux with radiation, heat generation and chemical reaction is presented in the manuscript. The numerical solutions using an implicit finite difference scheme known as Keller-box method for velocity, concentration and temperature are found. The effects of various parameters like Schmidt number, chemical reaction, thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, radiation parameter, angle of inclination etc. on the velocity, temperature and concentration are presented graphically.
The aim of this survey is to investigate channel estimation methods with carrier frequency offset in OFDM-Based Systems. The purpose of this paper provide an algorithm to synchronize and estimate channel coefficients which has low computational complexity. The proposed algorithm using the process sequence containing the training symbols, carrier frequency offset and channel coefficients fading, estimate in two consecutive stages. Consequently, low computational complexity and having easy implementation. Moreover, the algorithm can be used in a variety of systems STC-OFDM.
Globally, buildings are responsible for approximately 40% of the total world annual energy consumption. Most of this energy is for the provision of lighting, heating, cooling, and air conditioning. Increasing awareness of the environmental impact of CO2, NOx and CFCs emissions triggered a renewed interest in environmentally friendly cooling, and heating technologies. Under the 1997 Montreal Protocol, governments agreed to phase out chemicals used as refrigerants that have the potential to destroy stratospheric ozone. It was therefore considered desirable to reduce energy consumption and decrease the rate of depletion of world energy reserves and pollution of the environment. One way of reducing building energy consumption is to design buildings, which are more economical in their use of energy for heating, lighting, cooling, ventilation and hot water supply. This article discusses the potential for such integrated systems in the stationary and portable power market in response to the critical need for a cleaner energy technology. Anticipated patterns of future energy use and consequent environmental impacts (acid precipitation, ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect or global warming) are comprehensively discussed in this paper. Throughout the theme several issues relating to renewable energies, environment and sustainable development are examined from both current and future perspectives.
The purpose of this study was to understand the various factors that are associated with the behavioural aspects of males and females in the Indian cosmeceutical market. In this study we also tried to find out various influencing factors among males and females and what are the differences between these two. We also tried to find out the differences between the consumption patterns among people of different regions of India. The study was carried out in different regions of India and on an age group between 15 years to 45 years people who belong to different occupation. A standard questionnaire was implemented in the market which is same for both males and females. Questions were related to the consumption habits of the consumers for their cosmeceutical product. The data was collected from a sample of 200 people among which 100 are males and 100 are females. The results were analysed through SPSS software version 16 by applying different statistical tests.
Providing education and training to the masses on gigantic scale, for economic survival and to meet the ever-changing requirements of the society and also to meet the individual’s special requirements and tastes, is not possible through the conventional system of education based on brick-and-mortar schools, colleges and universities. The World Wide Web (WWW) is being used to improve communication, collaboration, sharing of resources, promoting active learning, and delivery of education in distance learning mode. Distance Education, E-learning and Virtual Universities may provide the desired solution. E-Learning may be taken as the latest form of distance learning mediated by state-of-art technologies like Internet and World-Wide-Web. In recent years, many of the universities and educational institutions worldwide offer online services such as for admissions, virtual (online) learning environments in order to facilitate the lifelong learning and to make this compatible with other educational management activities. Current e-learning research brings together pedagogical, technical and organisational concerns within a wider set of socio-cultural factors. Understanding issues &challenges; in respect of e-learning is of significant importance to the research communities involved in e-learning and will have a significant role in forming future practices. In consulting the INDIA research community, a number of research issues & challenges are required to be addressed to promote more efficient learning techniques.
The effect of leaf extract of Vitex negundo on some haematological and serum lipid parameters in rats during a seven day administration of doses, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight was investigated. The extract were fed orally. The parameters evaluated include serum lipids, red and white blood cell indices. The extract showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum total cholesterol concentration, while it had no effect on serum HDL cholesterol concentration at all doses administered when compared with control. However, the extract significantly decreased (p < 0.05) serum triglycerol concentration at dose of 250 mg/kg as well as at dose of 500mg/kg when compared with control. The leaf extract of Vitex negundo had significant effect on RBC, Hb, MCHC, PCV, MCV, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophil (table 2). The WBC level was significantly elevated (p >0.05) in the group treated with 500 mg/kg body weight of extract. The platelets also showed significant increase (p>0.05) in both the groups. Vitex negundo leaf extract showed positive haematological activities in rats and can be recommended to be used in medicinal formulations to cure atherosclerosis, anaemia and hypercholesterolemia and high-tryglyceride related cardiac diseases.
Keeping in view the present condition of deforestation and climate change in Pothwar, the study was conducted to evaluate fastest germinating seeds. This area receives a rainfall of 350-500 mm, annually. The temperature range of this locality ranges from 4o to 25o in winter, while in summer it rises to a range of 15o to 40o. The aim of the study focused on the germinating tree out of Acacia nilotica, Acacia modesta, Albizia lebbeck and Dalbergia sissoo, the species which gave maximum germinations is Acacia nilotica, followed by this Acacia modesta and Albizia lebbeck also showed good response to both controlled and pretreatment of seeds. Dalbergia sissoo seeds showed a slow germinating response as compared to the other three species.