The relationship between smoking and depression is unclear, and the factors that account for their comorbidity have received only limited attention. Thisstudy aims to clarify such associations in South Africa using the collated five waves of the National Income Dynamic Survey dataset. Different statistical approaches are used to account for selection bias and endogeneity. Empirical results reveal that, apart from socio-economic factors, depression significantly influence the decision to smoke, but not the smoking intensity. Furthermore, tobacco consumption has been found to be significantly higher among men, though the gap seems to be narrowing partly because women are being targeted in marketing. Interestingly, smoking provesto be more prevalent in the younger generation and tendsto decline with age, while married individuals have a lower likelihood of smoking and, when they do smoke, their smoking frequency is lower compared to unmarried individuals.

Value at Risk (VaR) plays a central role in risk management. There are several approaches for the estimation of VaR, such as historical simulation, the variance-covariance and the Monte Carlo approaches. This work presents portfolio VaR using an approach combining Copula functions, Extreme Value Theory (EVT) and GARCH-GJR models. We investigate the interactions between Tehran Price Index (TEPIX) and NASDAQ. We first use an asymmetric GARCH model and an EVT method to model the marginal distributions of each log returns series and then use Copula functions (Gaussian, Student’s t, Clayton, Gumbel and Frank) to link the marginal distributions together into a multivariate distribution. The portfolio VaR is then estimated. To check the goodness of fit of the approach, Backtesting methods are used. The empirical results shows that, compared with traditional methods, the copula model captures the value more successfully.

Data mining is a process of extracting information from a dataset and transform it into understandable structure for further use , also it discovers patterns in large data sets [1]. Data mining has number of important techniques such as preprocessing, classification. Classification is one such technique which is based on supervised learning. It is a technique used for predicting group membership for the data instance. Here in this paper we use preprocessing, classification on diabetes database. Here we apply classifiers on this database and compare the result based on certain parameters using WEKA. 77.2 million people in India are suffering from pre diabetes. ICMR estimates that around 65.1million are diabetes patients. Globally in year 2010, 227 to 285 million people had diabetes, out of that 90% cases are related to type 2 ,this is equal to 3.3% of the population with equal rates in both women and men in 2011 it resulted in 1.4 million deaths worldwide making it the leading cause of death.

Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) is one of the alternative energies developed from the use of small-scale wind wurbine.WECS capacity is less than 10 kW. Indonesia winds changing and relatively low. To overcome these problems required the control system of wind turbine pitch angle. In this study designed a control system of wind turbine pitch angle based imperial Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The control system is expected at varying wind speeds, can provide rotor angular velocity remains stable and working at optimum area. ICA is a novel evolutionary algorithm to optimize a system inspired from competition rule (imperial Competition). Optimization for ICA-based control system designed using ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) as the objective function in determining the PID control parameters. The results showed ICA-based PID control responds well to all set point tests, and the test results set point 10 peps provide the best response when compared to a higher set point. With Kip, Kid, and Kid sequentially 1:49, 3:13 and 0:03 gave the maximum overshoot (maximum overshoot) 11:30% with down time (settling time) for 1.85 seconds and quantitatively ITAE=0.42 for 10 seconds.

Celebrity endorsers and product packaging are two most important factors in creating the brand identity and help in evaluating a products perceived value as well as increasing the knowledge about the product. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of celebrity endorser and product packaging on purchase intentions taking customer knowledge and perceived value as mediating variables.\nThe sample size was 150 respondents and the sample was identified through non probability quota sampling technique. Questionnaires were standardized using reliability and factor analysis. Results indicated celebrity endorser significantly effects purchase intention of shampoos directly as well as celebrity endorser, product packaging and customer knowledge effect perceived value as mediating variable in turn effecting purchase intentions. Customer knowledge is a lesser important variable in case of shampoos purchase intention.

Investigation of flow pattern through intake structures is one of important issue which should be considered under design procedure. In this study, simulation of flow regime of side way intake structure with T shape-Intake which is feed from Dez River has been done. Because of different problem in Sabili intake of Dez River, the process of utilizing curved cancel is studied scientifically. To achieve the purpose, velocity distribution profile accompany turbulent Energy at inlet of structure have been studied. As a result, energy turbulence has been increased gradually to 60 percent and energy disputing from beginning to end a path of river has increased 31 percent. But maximum velocity at situation (without intake structure) decreased from 61% to 42% subsequently.

Objective: To compare the image quality and contrast using different pulse sequences and to evaluate practical impact and efficacyof altering imaging parameters on image quality.\nMaterials and Methods: A tissue equivalent dosimeter gel system by using xylenol orange dye with Fricke-Benzoic solution has been developed and the gel system was radiated using 6MV photons. Conventional spin echo (CSE), Fast spin echo (FSE), gradient recalled echo (GRE) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) pulse sequences were used to analyze the effect of TR and TE on contrast to noise ratio (CNR).\nResults: The calculated percentage increase of contrast to noise ratio (CNR) for TR using pulse sequences CSE, FSE, GRE and FLAIR was 8%, 10%, 6% and 4% and the percentage decrease for TE is 3%, 4%, 5% and 11% respectively.\nConclusion: The qualitative analysis include the effect of TR and TE on contrast to noise ratio according to which the increasing repetition time gives good contrast to noise ratio especially for conventional and fast spin echo sequence. It is better to keep echo time lower but this is an imperceptible parameter for contrast to noise ratio for T1-weighted images.

This study aims to investigate a way to reduce transmitted X-ray through cement shielding. A Cement Shielding which painted by Barium Sulphate capable of absorbing a significant portion of X-ray was used with different thickness and composition. The measurements were recorded at various applied voltages (50 kVp to 120 kVp), and the transmitted and backscattered X-ray was measured using ion chamber. The results showed that the Cement Shielding painted by Barium Sulphate was very effective in the absorption of incident x-ray up to about 95%, and has the ability to reduce backscattered x-ray radiation up to about 75 % by using fabricated iron steel grid based on a plate composed from Cement Shielding painted by Barium Sulphate.