In the present modern world almost all the industrial and developmental activities are defined in the framework of large and small projects and executed by relative organizations. These projects, due to their unique and complex nature, as well as instability and constant changes in underlying conditions, are inevitably confronted with some challenges and opportunities. These challenges and opportunities, so called Risks, should be managed in order to achieve successfully project purposes. Therefore, the effective execution of risk management in various organizations requires selecting the appropriate risk strategy for the project during the life cycle of the project management. Because the absence of an appropriate strategy in this case results in project failure to achieve predetermined purposes. The aim of doing the present study is to utilize the SWOT model for compiling the appropriate project risk strategy such that by the definition of related strategies to 17 different areas of the project management, in accordance to the cpm3 model, be able to recognize the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat related to each of these functional fields. Furthermore, in order to highlight the usefulness of the model for project’s managers and experts we implement the model to the Arfa Steel project of Fooladtechnic International Company.
Reduction in the cost and time of project accompanied by preserving or increasing the quality is one of the missions of value engineering in the projects that itself causes to improve the function. In this study one method for the function improvement has been used on the basis of value engineering with phasic hierarchical analysis and the method of VIKOR for improving the function of the school restoration project. In this regard, for improving the function in the first stage various criteria have been recognized by the method of value engineering from the experts’ viewpoint for improvement, then in the 2nd stage the criteria weight has been specified using FUZZY AHP. Finally, by the method of VIKOR the scenarios developed in the stage of creativity have been ranked based on the method of value engineering. The research result indicates that execution of the scenario proposed by the team of value engineering causes to reduce the cost 16.3 % and reduction in the project time amounts to 26.42%.
The psychological-pedagogical concepts of impact on deviant teenagers are considered in the article. Forming, cultural, synergetic, socializing, hermeneutic, axiological, psychotherapeutic, anthropological approaches which assist to social and pedagogical rehabilitation of teenagers are analysed and generalized.
This paper aims to investigate the effect of institutional ownership and market factors on IPO under pricing. In institution ownership variables industrial ownership, financial ownership and ex-anti uncertainty are included and in market variables over subscription, market sentiment and under writer’s reputation are considered. Cross sectional data from 2001 to 2012 is taken into account for 55 IPO firms in order to validate results. Multiple regressions were used to achieve study objectives. Findings revealed the fact that institutional ownership factors like industrial and financial ownership and market factors like over subscription and market sentiment are major predictors of the under-pricing in Pakistan. Ex-anti uncertainty and under writer’s reputation has no effect on under pricing for the current study. So, firms going to be public and perspective investors are major users of this study as they can take guidance for future investments. They can make sensible decisions for the future by using results of this study.
This research studied the effect of the implementation of accounting standards on the quality of the financial reporting in Tehran Stock Exchange companies. Financial reporting includes a wide range of reports among which the financial statements are very essential. The quality of the financial reporting is indeed the ability of the financial statements to convey the information of the companies’ operation in general and for prediction of the expected cash flows for the investors in particular. In this research we have used the concept of relevant value from the earnings management indexes analysis to find the effects of implementing the accounting standards on the quality of the financial reporting. The statistical population of the research includes all listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, which the sample of this research contains 64 companies. The statistical analysis has been done using linear regression and paired difference test. The obtained results show that the implementation of the accounting standards decreases the earnings management. Moreover, the reported accounting values under the accounting standards have the relevant value.
Hospitals include big buildings that consume abundant amounts of energy. So, extolling the constant design in the hospitals is a necessary affair. This paper, as a tool for decreasing environmental tension in hospitals, surveys the constant architecture in hospitals and medical centres, and declares its positive influences. Now, this question is posed that constant design in hospitals, with regard to their valuable role, how they can be in a way in order to achieve the improvement of results in these places, so that this will be by using the effective approach and constant design. So, extolling the design of remedial places is included in the priority of constant design. The researchers of this paper, with regard to analytical-descriptive method and library data and sources, finally indicates that it is possible for suggesting joint solutions for designing such places that will cause creating more suitable environment that will be compatible with constant architecture. The findings of this study shows that some joint solutions for constant design in the hospitals include: using natural light and day light, accessibility to the nature, suitable ventilating of fresh air, and choosing suitable and stable materials in the hospitals.
The use of shear studs is common to transfer longitudinal shear forces over the steel-concrete interface. In this research work, two finite element models of composite bridges are modelled using ANSYS/CivilFEM, one with shear studs and other without shear studs. Seismic analysis is performed to investigate the effect of shear studs on shear capacity of composite bridge. Shear studs are modelled as welded connection on the top flange of the I-Section steel girder and the heads of the shear studs are embedded in the solid concrete slab. For seismic analysis, the Time-History data of ElCentro 1940 and Kashmir (district Muzaffarabad) 2005 earthquake has been used. The contribution of shear studs is studied for the structure when jolted by the random forces of earthquake and the results are compared with the model without shear studs. These results expressed that the presence of studs increases the shear capacity of the joint between flange and the deck.